Research Peptide Glossary

The molecular building blocks of peptides and proteins. Each amino acid has a unique chemical structure. The sequence of amino acids determines a peptide's identity and properties.

A short chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. Research peptides are synthetically produced compounds used in laboratory and scientific research settings. They are not pharmaceutical products.

The specific order of amino acids in a peptide. The sequence determines the chemical identity of the compound. Two peptides with different sequences are different compounds even if they have similar names.

A freeze-drying process that removes moisture from a compound under vacuum. The result is a stable, dry powder (lyophilized powder) that can be stored at low temperatures for extended periods. Lyophilized research peptides require reconstitution before use.

A unique identifier assigned to a specific production batch. The lot number links a product to its Certificate of Analysis and test records. It appears on the vial label and the COA.

A defined quantity of compound produced under the same conditions and carrying the same lot number. All products in a batch share the same COA.

Stock Keeping Unit. A product identifier used to distinguish specific products and variants in an inventory system.

A document issued by an analytical testing laboratory reporting the results of tests performed on a specific batch. A COA typically includes the product name, lot number, test date, test methods, and results. ViloLab COAs are issued by Janoshik Analytical Laboratory and verifiable at janoshik.com/verify.

An analytical technique used to separate and measure compounds in a mixture. Commonly used to determine purity by measuring the proportion of the target compound relative to total detected material. The output is a chromatogram.

An analytical technique that measures the mass-to-charge ratio of molecules. Used for identity testing by comparing the detected molecular profile against a reference standard for the named compound.

The percentage of the target compound relative to total detected material in a sample, as measured by a given analytical method (typically HPLC). A purity of ≥99% means at least 99% of what was detected is the target compound. Purity does not establish identity, sterility, or exact vial quantity on its own.

Confirmation that a compound matches the expected molecular profile of the named substance, typically via mass spectrometry. Identity and purity are separate measurements.

A measurement of the actual amount of target compound present in a sample, expressed as a percentage of labeled quantity or as an absolute amount. Distinct from purity, which measures ratios rather than absolute amounts.

The graphical output of an HPLC analysis. Peaks in the chromatogram correspond to detected compounds, and their areas are used to calculate purity.

The output of a mass spectrometry analysis, showing detected mass-to-charge ratios. Used to confirm or deny a match with a reference spectrum for the named compound.

A certified pure sample of a known compound used as a benchmark during analytical testing. Results are compared against the reference to confirm identity or calibrate measurements.

Documentation tracking who handled a sample and when, from production through testing and delivery. Chain of custody documentation supports traceability and integrity verification.

The process of dissolving a lyophilized powder in a suitable solvent (such as bacteriostatic water or sterile water) for research use. Reconstituted solutions have shorter stability than the original lyophilized form.

The absence of viable microorganisms. Purity testing (HPLC) does not establish sterility. Sterility testing requires separate microbiological testing methods. ViloLab does not claim sterility for any product.

The environmental parameters (temperature, light, humidity) required to maintain compound stability over time. For lyophilized peptides, ViloLab recommends storage at -20°C or below, protected from light and moisture.